ATM-004 · Structure of the atom Sample material

The hydrogen spectrum. Rutherford's experiments and the nuclear model

Regularities in the hydrogen spectrum (the Balmer–Rydberg formula, spectral series), Thomson's atomic model, Rutherford's alpha-scattering experiments, the Rutherford formula, the nuclear model of the atom and its completion by Bohr's theory.

Estimated time: 3 h 4 activities

Learning objective

Know the line spectrum of hydrogen and the regularities of the spectral series.
Understand the idea and shortcomings of Thomson's model.
Master Rutherford's experiment, the scattering formula and the nuclear model of the atom.
Understand the interpretation of the Rydberg formula in Bohr's theory.

Expected outcomes

Calculates any line of a series and the series limit with the Rydberg formula.
Finds the distance of closest approach of an alpha particle to a nucleus and the impact parameter.
Uses the Rutherford formula to compare the numbers of particles scattered at different angles.
Can compare the Thomson and Rutherford models on the basis of experimental results.

Interactive modelRutherford's experiment: alpha-particle scattering
Interactive modelLine spectra of atoms

Activities

Lecture
Lecture · 1 h 20 min · required
Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom. Thomson's atomic model. Rutherford's experiments. The Rutherford formula. The Franck–Hertz experiments.
Practice · 1 h 20 min · required
Study of the series regularities in the hydrogen spectrum
Laboratory · 1 h 30 min · optional
Final test
Test · 20 min · required · pass ≥ 70%

Completion conditions

  • Lecture
  • Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom. Thomson's atomic model. Rutherford's experiments. The Rutherford formula. The Franck–Hertz experiments.
  • Final test — at least 70%