YAD-009 · Radiation and matter. Nuclear reactions Sample material

Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter

Interaction of charged particles with matter: energy loss to ionisation and excitation (the Bethe–Bloch formula), the Bragg peak, ranges of heavy particles and electrons, bremsstrahlung, Cherenkov radiation and attenuation of gamma rays.

Estimated time: 3 h 3 activities

Learning objective

Understand how a charged particle's energy is spent on ionising and exciting atoms.
Analyse how the Bethe–Bloch formula depends on the particle's charge and velocity and on the medium.
Learn to calculate ranges of heavy particles and electrons with empirical formulas.
Know the radiative losses of electrons, Cherenkov radiation and the exponential attenuation of gamma rays.

Expected outcomes

Can estimate specific ionisation losses and explain the shape of the Bragg curve.
Can calculate ranges of alpha particles and electrons in air, water and aluminium.
Can find the number of ion pairs produced and the critical energy.
Can calculate the Cherenkov threshold and the half-value layer for gamma radiation.

Interactive modelStopping of charged particles in matter (Bragg curve)
Interactive modelAbsorption of gamma radiation

Activities

Lecture
Lecture · 1 h 20 min · required
Problem solving on the topic “Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter”
Practice · 1 h 20 min · required
Final test
Test · 20 min · required · pass ≥ 70%

Completion conditions

  • Lecture
  • Problem solving on the topic “Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter”
  • Final test — at least 70%